Ovaries and fallopian tubes

 1.Anatomy of Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes ·
  Ovaries:
 o Position: Located bilaterally adjacent to the uterus within the pelvic region.
 o Form: These small, almond-like organs play a crucial role in egg and hormone     production.
 o Dimensions: Their size can fluctuate based on age and hormonal levels, typically around 3 cm x 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm in women who have not yet reached menopause.
  Fallopian Tubes:
 o Position: They stretch from the upper sections of the uterus to the ovaries but are generally not visible in ultrasound scans unless they are swollen or contain fluid.
 o Role: These tubes are responsible for the movement of eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.
2. Imaging Techniques for Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes Transvaginal Ultrasound       (TVUS):
  o Preferred Approach: This method yields clear images due to its closeness to the pelvic organs.
 o Procedure: The probe is inserted vaginally, causing minimal discomfort, and it provides high-resolution visuals of the ovaries and nearby structures.
 3. Common Disorders of the Ovaries and Fallopian Tubes
 1.Ovarian Cysts:
 o Categories: The most prevalent are functional cysts, along with dermoid cysts, endometriomas, and cystadenomas.
 o Visual Characteristics: Simple cysts appear anechoic with thin walls, while complex cysts might show septations, solid elements, or internal debris.
 2.Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):
  o Visual Characteristics: The ovaries may be enlarged, displaying numerous small cysts around the edges and increased echogenicity of the stroma.
 Pathologies of the Fallopian Tubes:
 o Hydrosalpinx: This condition presents as a fluid-filled tube resembling a sausage, often resulting from previous infections or endometriosis.
 o Salpingitis: Inflammation of the tubes can lead to a thickened appearance, sometimes accompanied by surrounding fluid.