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1. Understanding Uterine Anatomy Structure and Location:
o Position: Found in the pelvic region nestled between the bladder and the rectum.
o Form: A pear-shaped organ, it consists of two main sections: the body, which is the larger upper segment, and the cervix, the narrower lower part that connects to the vagina.
o Layers: Composed of three layers: the endometrium (inner layer), myometrium (the muscular middle layer), and serosa (the outer visceral peritoneum).
2. Imaging Techniques for the Uterus Transabdominal and Transvaginal Methods:
o Transabdominal: This method provides a wider perspective and requires a full bladder to enhance imaging.
o Transvaginal: This approach delivers a more detailed look at the uterine anatomy, particularly useful for obtaining high-resolution images of the endometrium and myometrium.
3. Common Uterine Disorders Fibroids (Leiomyomas):
o Characteristics: These appear as either hypoechoic or isoechoic masses that can lead to an increase in uterine size.
o Locations: They may be submucosal (beneath the endometrium), intramural (within the myometrium), or subserosal (below the serosa).
Adenomyosis:
o Characteristics: Notable for diffuse or localized thickening of the myometrium, with an indistinct boundary between the endometrium and myometrium.
Endometrial Conditions:
● Hyperplasia and Polyps: These involve thickening of the endometrium or localized growths that may present as echogenic masses within the endometrial cavity.
Condition | Ultrasound Features | Scanning Tips |
Normal Uterus | Tri-layered structure in reproductive age | Use both transabdominal and transvaginal approaches for comprehensive assessment |
Fibroids | Well-defined, variable echogenicity | Assess for size, number, and impact on endometrial cavity |
Adenomyosis | Heterogeneous myometrium, poor definition of layers | Look for myometrial cysts and an irregular endometrial interface |
Endometrial Pathologies | Thickened endometrium, presence of masses | Detailed endometrial evaluation, especially in postmenopausal bleeding |