★  SONOCON 2026  

01

Optimisation of the First Trimester Scan

Topics Covered

• Optimal timing and technique for NT and nasal bone (NB) visualisation
• Nasal bone assessment method and common pitfalls
• Combined first-trimester screening for chromosomal aneuploidy
• Early structural survey — what can and cannot be reliably assessed at 11–14 weeks
• Pre-eclampsia risk prediction: MAP, uterine artery Doppler, biochemical markers
• Image optimisation — probe choice, magnification, fetal positioning
• Common technical errors and how to correct them

02

SGA vs FGR: Decoding the New Delphi Consensus & ISUOG Guidelines

Topics Covered

• SGA vs FGR — the critical conceptual distinction
• Delphi consensus diagnostic criteria for early and late FGR
• Doppler parameters used in differentiation: UA, MCA, CPR, UtA, DV
• Growth velocity vs single-measurement assessment
• Surveillance protocols and monitoring intervals by severity
• Delivery timing ladder based on Doppler and biophysical status
• Applying ISUOG practice guideline recommendations in reporting

03

Genetic Screening & Diagnosis in Pregnancy

Topics Covered

• Screening vs diagnostic testing — the conceptual framework
• NIPT — methodology, sensitivity/specificity, cfDNA fraction, limitations
• Combined first-trimester screening approach
• Indications for invasive testing: CVS vs amniocentesis
• Pre-test and post-test counselling essentials
• Interpreting positive predictive value and need for confirmatory testing
• Communicating risk and uncertainty to parents

04

The Myriad Demystified: Which Genetic Test for Which Anomaly

Topics Covered

• FISH — rapid targeted aneuploidy detection
• Karyotype — structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities
• Chromosomal microarray (CMA) — copy number variants, deletions/duplications
• MLPA — targeted syndrome-specific testing
• Whole exome and whole genome sequencing — single-gene disorders
• Choosing the right test for the right sonographic anomaly
• Turnaround time and its impact on clinical decision-making

05

Subtle Findings in Grave Cardiac Anomalies

Topics Covered

• PA-IVS (pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum) — early subtle clues
• D-TGA (transposition of the great arteries) — screening findings easily missed
• Coarctation of the aorta — ventricular disproportion and arch views
• TAPVC — indirect signs on standard screening views
• Red flags on the four-chamber and outflow tract views
• Why these critical anomalies are commonly missed on routine screening

06

Outflow Tract Anomalies: Decoding TGA, TOF & TAPVC

Topics Covered

• Three-vessel view and three-vessel-trachea view interpretation
• Great vessel relationships and crossing pattern assessment
• TGA — recognising parallel great vessel orientation
• TOF — overriding aorta and associated VSD
• TAPVC — abnormal pulmonary venous return on outflow views
• A systematic step-by-step protocol for outflow tract assessment

07

TAPVR: How Not to Miss the Silent Killer

Topics Covered

• Normal pulmonary venous anatomy and drainage pattern
• The “twig sign” and pulmonary venous confluence recognition
• Posterior left atrium sweep technique
• Obstructed vs unobstructed TAPVR — imaging distinction
• Common screening pitfalls and reasons this anomaly is missed
• Postnatal urgency and implications for delivery planning and counselling

08

Understanding Doppler in Relation to Cardiac Cycle & ECG

Topics Covered

• Phases of the fetal cardiac cycle
• Correlating Doppler waveform events with the ECG cycle
• Ductus venosus waveform components and the significance of the A-wave
• Atrial contraction physiology and its venous Doppler correlate
• The TRUFFLE trial — DV Doppler as a delivery-timing tool
• Applying cardiac-cycle Doppler physiology to FGR surveillance

09

Fetal Cardiac Screening Protocol (ISUOG Guidelines)

Topics Covered

• Standard cardiac screening views: situs, four-chamber, outflow tracts, three-vessel view
• Basic vs extended fetal cardiac scan — when each is indicated
• The ISUOG screening algorithm step by step
• Documentation standards for a defensible cardiac screening report
• Referral criteria to fetal cardiology
• Common technical challenges and how to overcome them

10

Systematic Approach to Corpus Callosum Abnormalities

Topics Covered

• Normal corpus callosum developmental timeline
• Complete vs partial agenesis of the corpus callosum
• Hypoplasia vs dysgenesis — distinguishing features
• Associated CNS and extra-CNS anomalies to actively search for
• Imaging planes and technique for reliable CC assessment
• Prognostic counselling and outcome data for parents

11

The Holy Trinity of Fetal Neuroscan (2nd Trimester)

Topics Covered

• Transventricular plane — lateral ventricle assessment
• Transcerebellar plane — posterior fossa, cerebellum, cisterna magna
• Transthalamic plane — biometry and cavum septum pellucidum
• Systematic acquisition technique for all three planes
• Common measurement errors and how to avoid them
• Building a complete, reproducible standard neurosonogram

12

Posterior Fossa Anomalies: Dandy-Walker vs Blake’s Pouch Cyst

Topics Covered

• Vermis assessment — size, rotation, and integrity
• BV angle measurement technique
• The choroid plexus sign and its diagnostic value
• Mega cisterna magna vs Dandy-Walker malformation
• Blake’s pouch cyst — the key differentiating features
• A structured differential diagnosis algorithm for posterior fossa findings

13

Spina Bifida: Open vs Closed Defects

Topics Covered

• Lemon sign and banana sign — cranial markers of open spina bifida
• Intracranial translucency assessment technique
• Chiari II malformation and its imaging features
• Distinguishing open vs closed spinal defects
• Myelomeningocele vs lipomeningocele / lipomyelomeningocele
• Level determination and its prognostic significance

14

Abdominal Wall Defects: Omphalocele vs Gastroschisis

Topics Covered

• Key differentiating sonographic features between the two defects
• Cord insertion site assessment technique
• Associated syndromes and chromosomal risk with omphalocele
• Gastroschisis — bowel complications and growth surveillance
• Management pathway and delivery planning considerations
• Counselling differences between omphalocele and gastroschisis

15

Fetal Face Ultrasound: A Systematic Approach

Topics Covered

• Three-plane method — coronal, sagittal, and axial views
• Nasal bone rule and fetal profile assessment
• Facial angles — maxillary and mandibular measurement
• Cleft lip and cleft palate detection technique
• Micrognathia assessment and its associations
• Orbital anomalies — hypotelorism and hypertelorism

16

A Systematic Approach to Fetal Limb Evaluation

Topics Covered

• Long bone biometry and gestational growth charts
• Limb reduction defects — recognition and classification
• Skeletal dysplasia red flags on routine scanning
• Hand and foot assessment technique
• A systematic limb survey protocol for every scan
• Associated syndromic features to look for alongside limb findings

17

Doppler Masterclass: When to Deliver? CPR, MCA & Ductus Venosus

Topics Covered

• Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) — calculation and clinical significance
• MCA Doppler and brain-sparing physiology
• Ductus venosus interpretation in fetal decompensation
• Integrating multiple Doppler parameters into delivery decisions
• The FGR surveillance protocol in practice
• Case-based decision-making at each Doppler stage

18

Pre-eclampsia Doppler: Ophthalmic Artery Doppler – Current Status

Topics Covered

• First-trimester combined screening for pre-eclampsia risk
• Aspirin prophylaxis — the evidence base and dosing rationale
• sFlt-1/PlGF ratio and biochemical prediction
• Ophthalmic artery Doppler (OAD) technique
• OAD thresholds and the current status of the evidence
• Integrating OAD into existing pre-eclampsia screening pathways

19

Monochorionic Mayhem: TTTS & sFGR

Topics Covered

• MCDA twin surveillance protocol
• Quintero staging system for TTTS
• Laser therapy for TTTS — indications and principles
• Selective FGR classification — types I, II, and III
• TAPS (twin anaemia-polycythemia sequence) recognition
• Case-based management decisions in monochorionic complications

20

Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Ultrasound Scoring for the Scarred Uterus

Topics Covered

• Modified Delphi consensus diagnostic criteria
• Lacunae grading system
• The “rail sign” and bladder wall interruption
• Bladder wall vessel assessment technique
• Standardised, defensible reporting language for PAS
• Risk stratification approach in the scarred uterus

21

Echogenic Lesions in the Fetal Thorax

Topics Covered

• CDH (congenital diaphragmatic hernia) — key sonographic features
• CPAM (congenital pulmonary airway malformation) classification
• Bronchopulmonary sequestration — recognition and features
• CHAOS (congenital high airway obstruction syndrome)
• Bronchial atresia — imaging clues
• Differentiating features and prognostic assessment across all five entities

22

Early Fetal Anomalies at 8–11 Weeks

Topics Covered

• The CFA (early fetal anatomy) assessment framework
• The early hydrops rule
• Cord insertion triangle technique
• Acrania – exencephaly – anencephaly sequence recognition
• Early detection possibilities for HLHS
• Early Doppler safety considerations (ALARA principle)

23

Beyond the NT: The 12-Week Detailed Anomaly Scan

Topics Covered

• A structured checklist approach to the early anatomy scan
• Early detection targets by fetal system
• Technique optimisation for early-gestation imaging
• Documentation standards for the 12-week detailed scan
• What findings must be deferred to the second-trimester scan
• Counselling parents at the limits of early detection

24

Medico-Legal Challenges in Fetal Ultrasound

Topics Covered

• Defensible reporting language for routine and abnormal findings
• Documentation standards that provide medicolegal protection
• Common litigation triggers in obstetric ultrasound practice
• Safe practice principles for daily reporting
• Informed consent and counselling documentation
• Learning from recurring patterns in claims and case law

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Duration

Topic

Faculty

1

35 Minutes

Medico-Legal Challenges in Fetal Ultrasound and how to write a defensible fetal ultrasound report

Dr. Neelam Lekhi 

2

35 Minutes

Early fetal  anomalies at 8-11 weeks

Dr Chander Lulla

3

35 Minutes

Pre-eclampsia Doppler: Ophthalmic artery doppler : Current Status

Dr Chander Lulla

4

35 Minutes

Echogenic Lesions in Fetal Thorax : Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), CPAM & Lung Sequestration-

Dr. Meenu Batra 

5

35 Minutes

Posterior Fossa Anomalies: Differentiating Dandy-Walker from Blake’s Pouch Cyst –

Dr Meenu Batra

6

35 Minutes

Monochorionic Mayhem: TTTS and SFGR : Case Based Discussion and Management

Dr. Karthik Senthilvel

7

35 Minutes

Placenta Accreta Spectrum (PAS): Ultrasound scoring systems for the Scarred Uterus

- Dr Ladbans Kaur

8

35 Minutes

Beyond the NT: A Checklist for the 12-Week Detailed Anomaly Scan
a. Early Fetal Echocardiography: What can (and cannot) be diagnosed at 13 weeks?

b. First Trimester Neurosonography: The "Brain" at 11-14 Weeks

Dr Alok Vershney

9

35 Minutes

Cardiac screening protocol: ISUOG Guidelines – / Dr Alok Varshney

Dr Alok Varshney

10

35 Minutes

Genetic testing Modality in Prenatal Diagnosis : The Myriad demystified: Which test for which anomaly

Dr Veronica Arora

11

35 Minutes

Outflow Tract Anomalies: Decoding TGA and TOF Total Anomalous Pulmonary

Dr Adi Makam

12

35 Minutes

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR): How not to miss the "silent killer."

Dr Adi Makam

13

35 Minutes

Abdominal Wall Defects: Omphalocele vs. Gastroschisis – Differential diagnosis and delivery planning –

Dr Jiten Kumar

14

35 Minutes

A Systematic Approach to Fetal

Limb Evaluation

Dr Nitin Chaubal

15

35 Minutes

Fetal Face

Dr Pradeep Srinivasan

16

 35 Minutes

Understanding Doppler in relation to cardiac cycle and ECG

Dr Pradeep Srinivasan

17

35 Minutes

The "Holy Trinity" of Neuroscan in 2^nd trimester: Mastering the 3 Axial Planes (Transventricular, Transcerebellar, Transthalamic)

Dr. vivek Krishnan

18

35 Minutes

CSP and how it’s related to Corpus Callosum (Live Only)

Dr. B S Ramamurthy

19

35 Minutes

Spina Bifida: Open vs. Closed Defects

Dr. Shilpa Satarkar

20

35 Minutes

Doppler Masterclass : when to Deliver ? (CRP,MCA and Ductus Venous interpretation )  

 
Dr Chinmay Umarjee

 
  21

35 Minutes
 

The "Anxiety" Markers (Counselling Nightmares)

(Mild Ventriculomegaly (10–12mm): Is it benign or a sign of something worse? (MRI vs. Follow-up).

Echogenic Bowel: The workup for Infection, CF, and Aneuploidy.

Choroid Plexus Cysts & Echogenic Intracardiac Focus (EIF): When to ignore and when to offer amnio?

Single Umbilical Artery (SUA): Isolated vs. Associated anomalies – The scanning protocol.

Mild Renal Pyelectasis (APRPD): The new grading system

 
Dr Chinmayee Ratha 

22

35 Minutes

Systematic approach to abnormalities of the corpus callosum

Dr LakshmY Ravi

23

35 Minutes

Subtle findings in grave cardiac anomalies

Dr LakshmY Ravi

24

35 Minutes

Optimisation of the first trimester scan

Dr. Prathima

25

35 Minutes

SGA vs. FGR: Decoding the new Delphi Consensus & ISUOG Guidelines

Dr. Prathima

26

35 Minutes

Genetic Screening and Diagnosis : Fetal Genetics including Double marker,quadruple marker and NIPT 3.0: A practical guide to aneuploidy screening anddiagnosis -

Microarray vs. Exome Sequencing: Which test for which anomaly?

-NIPT 3.0: Expanding the scope to Microdeletions and

Single Gene Disorders-

Dr. Ratna puri